{"id":993,"date":"2020-10-24T15:55:11","date_gmt":"2020-10-24T08:55:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/weathervn.com\/?p=993"},"modified":"2020-10-24T15:56:58","modified_gmt":"2020-10-24T08:56:58","slug":"cac-cum-sao-tinh-chat-va-dieu-ky-thu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vietweather.com\/index.php\/cac-cum-sao-tinh-chat-va-dieu-ky-thu\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c C\u1ee5m Sao &#8211; T\u00ednh Ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u K\u1ef3 Th\u00fa"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><em>C\u1ee5m sao \u2013 cluster l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 co l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh t\u1eeb\u00a0<strong>m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y li\u00ean sao kh\u00ed (an interstellar gas cloud)<\/strong>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng gian. T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0<strong>c\u1ee5m sao (cluster)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-995\" src=\"http:\/\/weathervn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/UDSm3qC-1-148x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"148\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vietweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/UDSm3qC-1-148x300.png 148w, https:\/\/vietweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/UDSm3qC-1.png 309w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 148px) 100vw, 148px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>M\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m sao m\u1edbi sinh (a newborn star cluster) c\u00f3 t\u00ean NGC 3603 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ee5m sao NGC 3603 ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 2000 ng\u00f4i sao s\u00e1ng, n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 6000 pc. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong h\u00ecnh d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 20 n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.\u00a0B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac t\u1eeb\u00a0<em>c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y m\u1eb9<\/em>\u00a0v\u00e0 trong\u00a0<em>c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em>, c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m sao m\u1edbi sinh n\u00e0y th\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 sao. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ng\u00f4i sao n\u00e0y v\u1edbi ng\u00f4i sao kh\u00e1c trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m l\u00e0\u00a0<em>kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em>. V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i sao kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i hay th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a sao.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><em>C\u1ee5m sao m\u1edf \u2013 Open Cluster<\/em><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-996\" src=\"http:\/\/weathervn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/ZbvQjI3-300x257.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vietweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/ZbvQjI3-300x257.png 300w, https:\/\/vietweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/ZbvQjI3.png 469w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3y ng\u00f4i sao trong c\u1ee5m\u00a0<em><strong>Pleiades<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng trong ch\u00f2m sao Kim Ng\u01b0u. C\u1ee5m sao Th\u1ea5t N\u1eef c\u00e1ch Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 120pc. C\u1ee5m sao n\u00e0y li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo v\u1edbi nhau b\u1edfi l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn l\u1eabn nhau. Lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee5m sao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n 1100 c\u1ee5m trong d\u1ea3i Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0<strong>c\u1ee5m sao m\u1edf (open cluster)<\/strong>. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m sao m\u1edf th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a t\u1eeb v\u00e0i tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn ng\u00f4i sao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 ngang kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i parsec.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ee5m sao ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y ch\u00ednh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao m\u00e0u xanh lam t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ebb, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t nhanh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m sao, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi 20 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao lo\u1ea1i O. Nh\u1eefng tia kh\u00ed trong b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u00eam v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m sao.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-997\" src=\"http:\/\/weathervn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/dsyrxnX-239x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"239\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vietweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/dsyrxnX-239x300.png 239w, https:\/\/vietweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/dsyrxnX.png 446w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 239px) 100vw, 239px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 H \u2013 R<\/strong>\u00a0bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao trong c\u1ee5m<\/em><br \/>\n<em>sao m\u1edf n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/em>\u00a0<em>Pleiades (NOAO)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc to h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m sao n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ng\u00f4i sao nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c parsec. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m sao th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00e1 l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao b\u00ean trong. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee5m sao d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tan r\u00e3 sau khi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong><em>C\u1ee5m sao c\u1ea7u \u2013 Globular cluster<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-998\" src=\"http:\/\/weathervn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/eQZX0b4-300x257.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vietweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/eQZX0b4-300x257.png 300w, https:\/\/vietweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/eQZX0b4.png 650w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>C\u1ee5m sao c\u1ea7u Omega Centauri<\/strong>\u00a0c\u00e1ch Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n 5000 parsec, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 40 parsec<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5m sao kh\u00e1c \u2013 c\u1ee5m sao c\u1ea7u. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u2013 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao quay quanh t\u00e2m Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ec7 tinh.\u00a0 C\u1ee5m sao n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao; tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 50 parsec.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-999\" src=\"http:\/\/weathervn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/MEumwiM-235x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"235\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vietweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/MEumwiM-235x300.png 235w, https:\/\/vietweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/MEumwiM.png 469w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 235px) 100vw, 235px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 H-R<\/strong>\u00a0bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00f4i sao c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m sao<\/em><br \/>\n<em>c\u1ea7u Omega Centauri (P. Seitzer).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p>N\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 H-R c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m sao c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ch\u00fang thi\u1ebfu \u0111i nh\u1eefng sao d\u00e3y ch\u00ednh ch\u00ednh n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean b\u00ean tr\u00e1i.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u1ee5m sao c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao \u1edf d\u00e3y sao ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 0,8 l\u1ea7n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng:\u00a0<strong>c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m sao c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 10 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i<\/strong>. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t trong thi\u00ean h\u00e0. C\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 150 c\u1ee5m sao c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft trong Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>C\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao lo\u1ea1i A trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao t\u1eeb O \u0111\u1ebfn F c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u1edf h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bl\u00e2u r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong><em>C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m sao v\u00e0 tinh v\u00e2n \u2013 Clusters and Nebulae<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh sao \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1 v\u00e0 2 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u01a1 s\u00e0i. C\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y th\u00ec v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n th\u00eam s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh sao.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eabn \u0111ang tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao n\u1eb7ng<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i kh\u00ed ti\u1ec1n sao \u0111\u1eb7c ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1eb9 (v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi). Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean do s\u1ef1 b\u1ed3i t\u1ee5 t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh, gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh tinh t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao n\u1eb7ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1eafng v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng:\u00a0<em>qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao d\u00e3y ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1eadt l\u00fd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n sao trong c\u1ee5m<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n sao kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 h\u01a1n gi\u00fap ch\u00fang c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00fat kh\u00ed t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tinh v\u00e2n g\u1ea7n k\u1ec1, l\u00e0m ch\u00fang l\u1edbn nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n sao l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u0129a ti\u1ec1n sao nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n sao \u1edf t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh ho\u1eb7c sao l\u00f9n n\u00e2u kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u0129a v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m sao \u0111\u1eb7c, nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1000\" src=\"http:\/\/weathervn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/5QFsItx-300x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vietweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/5QFsItx-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/vietweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/5QFsItx-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/vietweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/5QFsItx.png 551w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>S\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n sao<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p>Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m sao tr\u1ebb, s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh sao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n sao l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y kh\u00ed t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n sao nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c d\u0129a xung quanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m sao nh\u1ecf xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y li\u00ean sao, \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y ban \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 50 l\u1ea7n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean th\u1ec3 t\u00edch 1 n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng (M. Bate, I. Bonnell, and V. Bromm).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>D\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m sao \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng sao h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nh\u1eefng\u00a0<strong>ng\u00f4i sao kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3<\/strong>\u00a0h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u1ea3 hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y \u0111i c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c d\u0129a.<\/p>\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao m\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i O v\u00e0 B ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0<strong>sao l\u00f9n n\u00e2u<\/strong>. Theo \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m sao tr\u1ebb th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi kh\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang kh\u00f3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong v\u00f9ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng: c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m sao th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh sao.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1001\" src=\"http:\/\/weathervn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/E6Ifq2X-300x237.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"237\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vietweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/E6Ifq2X-300x237.png 300w, https:\/\/vietweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/E6Ifq2X.png 563w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xem quang h\u1ecdc qua k\u00ednh<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0<em><strong>Hubble (a) v\u00e0 h\u1ed3ng<\/strong><\/em><br \/>\n<em><strong>ngo\u1ea1i qua Spitzer (b)<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0<em><strong>c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng trung t\u00e2m Tinh v\u00e2n Orion<\/strong>\u00a0(NASA).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p>H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh quang h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n ng\u00f4i sao s\u00e1ng; h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m sao m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 ph\u00eda sau tinh v\u00e2n kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh sao, bao g\u1ed3m g\u1ea7n 1000 ng\u00f4i sao m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u sao l\u00f9n n\u00e2u. Ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y xung quanh.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m sao tan th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh sao kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0: do c\u1ee5m sao m\u1edbi sinh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn.<\/li>\n<li>Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c phun ra kh\u00ed c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao trong v\u00f2ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y v\u00e0i tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i trong v\u1eaft, t\u1ed1i t\u0103m. Suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi nh\u00ecn l\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao. Sau khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m li\u00ean sao, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00eam. Ngay c\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i ban \u0111\u00eam d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 y\u00ean t\u0129nh c\u0169ng b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y co l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u00f4i sao \u2014 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m sao. C\u1ee5m m\u1edf \u2013 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m ch\u1ee9a t\u1eeb v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn ng\u00f4i sao ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u2013 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 trong m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng thi\u00ean h\u00e0. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i sao m\u00e0u xanh s\u00e1ng, cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u00f4i sao. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00f4i sao d\u00e3y ch\u00ednh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. C\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m sao tr\u1ebb trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tinh v\u00e2n ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m sao v\u1ee1 ra th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c sao ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: Astronomy A Beginner\u2019s Guide To The Universe<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean t\u1eadp b\u1edfi \u00c1i Linh, Tu\u1ec7 T\u00e2m, Qu\u1ed1c B\u1ea3o, Ti\u1ebfn Long \u2013 Ban H\u1ecdc Thu\u1eadt DAC<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/bit.ly\/2HmZ20J<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Cn8Hnns6Vh\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/thienvandanang.com\/kham-pha\/dai-ngan-ha-va-cac-thien-ha\/tinh-van-cum-sao\/cac-cum-sao-va-nhung-dieu-ta-chua-biet\/\">C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m sao: t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u00ec th\u00fa!<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m sao: t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u00ec th\u00fa!&#8221; &#8212; Thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng\" src=\"https:\/\/thienvandanang.com\/kham-pha\/dai-ngan-ha-va-cac-thien-ha\/tinh-van-cum-sao\/cac-cum-sao-va-nhung-dieu-ta-chua-biet\/embed\/#?secret=Cn8Hnns6Vh\" data-secret=\"Cn8Hnns6Vh\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u1ee5m sao \u2013 cluster l\u00e0 g\u00ec? K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 co l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh t\u1eeb\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y li\u00ean sao kh\u00ed (an interstellar gas cloud)\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng gian. T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1003,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[37,1,35],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vietweather.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/993"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vietweather.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vietweather.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vietweather.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vietweather.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=993"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vietweather.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/993\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1002,"href":"https:\/\/vietweather.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/993\/revisions\/1002"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vietweather.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1003"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vietweather.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=993"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vietweather.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=993"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vietweather.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}