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<\/p>\nBREAKING NEWS, Sept 6th, 2020<\/p>\n
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics with one half to Roger Penrose \u201cfor the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity\u201d and the other half jointly to Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez \u201cfor the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy.\u201d
\nThese three laureates share this year\u2019s Nobel Prize in Physics for their discoveries about one of the most exotic phenomena in the universe, the black hole. Roger Penrose showed that the general theory of relativity leads to the formation of black holes. Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez discovered that an invisible and extremely heavy object governs the orbits of stars at the centre of our galaxy. A supermassive black hole is the only currently known explanation.
\nRoger Penrose used ingenious mathematical methods in his proof that black holes are a direct consequence of Albert Einstein\u2019s general theory of relativity. Einstein did not himself believe that black holes really exist, these super-heavyweight monsters that capture everything that enters them. Nothing can escape, not even light.
\nIn January 1965, ten years after Einstein\u2019s death, Roger Penrose proved that black holes really can form and described them in detail; at their heart, black holes hide a singularity in which all the known laws of nature cease. His ground-breaking article is still regarded as the most important contribution to the general theory of relativity since Einstein.
\nReinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez each lead a group of astronomers that, since the early 1990s, has focused on a region called Sagittarius A* at the centre of our galaxy. The orbits of the brightest stars closest to the middle of the Milky Way have been mapped with increasing precision. The measurements of these two groups agree, with both finding an extremely heavy, invisible object that pulls on the jumble of stars, causing them to rush around at dizzying speeds. Around four million solar masses are packed together in a region no larger than our solar system.
\nUsing the world\u2019s largest telescopes, Genzel and Ghez developed methods to see through the huge clouds of inter-stellar gas and dust to the centre of the Milky Way. Stretching the limits of technology, they refined new techniques to compensate for distortions caused by the Earth\u2019s atmosphere, building unique instruments and committing themselves to long-term research. Their pioneering work has given us the most convincing evidence yet of a supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way.
\n\u201cThe discoveries of this year\u2019s laureates have broken new ground in the study of compact and supermassive objects. But these exotic objects still pose many questions that beg for answers and motivate future research. Not only questions about their inner structure, but also questions about how to test our theory of gravity under the extreme conditions in the immediate vicinity of a black hole,\u201d says David Haviland, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics.
\nPress release: https:\/\/bit.ly\/309oZqF
\nPopular information: https:\/\/bit.ly\/3jjZSJk
\nAdvanced information: https:\/\/bit.ly\/3kEwwFI<\/p>\n
When a massive star collapses under its own gravity, it forms a black hole that is so heavy that it captures everything that passes its event horizon. Not even light can escape. At the event horizon, time replaces space and points only forward. The flow of time carries everything towards a singularity furthest inside the black hole, where density is infinite and time ends (see figure).
\nRoger Penrose \u2013 awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics \u2013 invented ingenious mathematical methods to explore Albert Einstein\u2019s general theory of relativity. He showed that the theory leads to the formation of black holes, those monsters in time and space that capture everything that enters them.
\nNot even Albert Einstein, the father of general relativity, thought that black holes could actually exist. However, ten years after Einstein\u2019s death, the British theorist Roger Penrose demonstrated that black holes can form and described their properties. At their heart, black holes hide a singularity, a boundary at which all the known laws of nature break down.
\nTo prove that black hole formation is a stable process, Penrose needed to expand the methods used to study the theory of relativity \u2013 tackling the theory\u2019s problems with new mathematical concepts. Penrose\u2019s ground-breaking article was published in January 1965 and is still regarded as the most important contribution to the general theory of relativity since Einstein.
\nThe 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded with one half to Roger Penrose \u201cfor the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity\u201d and the other half jointly to Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez \u201cfor the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy.\u201d<\/p>\n
Press release: https:\/\/bit.ly\/309oZqF
\nPopular information: https:\/\/bit.ly\/3jjZSJk
\nAdvanced information: https:\/\/bit.ly\/3kEwwFI<\/p>\n
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https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/?fbclid=IwAR0SnoY4I9MLGoVJXXL68c-dHxiW7ulSYlkCG7RNmmVzKb4Ewarggz_1ZKI<\/p>\n